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Listen carefully. The top level of the OSI Reference Model and the IETF protocol stack is the application layer. The application layer, however, doesn’t do applications. It provides services such as ...

Layers 7 through 4 are geared more to the application than the lower layers, which are designed to move packets from one place to another no matter what they contain. This top layer defines the ...

If you have anything to do with networked AV and you're not well-versed in the OSI model, we've got you covered. You will learn the fundamental ideas around getting data from host A to host B over a ...

With all the attention garnered by the higher OSI layers, we sometimes forget that all seven layers are necessary for communications to work. So when troubleshooting, for example, don’t forget about ...

There is little argument that a defense in depth model is the best way to safeguard the enterprise, but which layer is most critical? Some would say the application layer will ultimately emerge as the ...