Natural selection uses duplicated genes as raw material for functional innovation, co-opting their existing features to new functions. Understanding genetic innovation requires two questions to be ...

Abstract: This article presents a novel proximal gradient neurodynamic network (PGNN) for solving composite optimization problems (COPs). The proposed PGNN with time-varying coefficients can be ...

Loneliness isn’t just about being alone. Find out what's at the root of your loneliness and how to start building meaningful ...

Pulmonary function tests are a group of noninvasive breathing tests that measure how much air your lungs can hold, how quickly you can move air in and out and how efficiently your lungs transfer ...

Research published in journals including the New England Journal of Medicine has examined Vitamin D's roles in calcium metabolism, immune function, and general health. Deficiency is associated with ...